READ: Donald Trump’s Full Statement on Impeachment Trial Acquittal

BY EPOCH TIMES STAFF

 

February 13, 2021 Updated: February 13, 2021

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President Donald Trump at the Save America rally in Washington on Jan. 6, 2021. (Lisa Fan/The Epoch Times)

From:  https://www.theepochtimes.com/read-donald-trumps-full-statement-on-impeachment-trial-acquittal_3695848.html?utm_source=news&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=breaking-2021-02-13-3

Former President Donald Trump made a statement after the Senate voted to acquit him in his second impeachment trial with a vote of 57-43.

Read the full statement here:

"I want to first thank my team of dedicated lawyers and others for their tireless work upholding justice and defending truth.

My deepest thanks as well to all of the United States Senators and Members of Congress who stood proudly for the Constitution we all revere and for the sacred legal principles at the heart of our country.

Our cherished Constitutional Republic was founded on the impartial rule of law, the indispensable safeguard for our liberties, our rights and our freedoms.

It is a sad commentary on our times that one political party in America is given a free pass to denigrate the rule of law, defame law enforcement, cheer mobs, excuse rioters, and transform justice into a tool of political vengeance, and persecute, blacklist, cancel and suppress all people and viewpoints with whom or which they disagree. I always have, and always will, be a champion for the unwavering rule of law, the heroes of law enforcement, and the right of Americans to peacefully and honorably debate the issues of the day without malice and without hate.

This has been yet another phase of the greatest witch hunt in the history of our Country. No president has ever gone through anything like it, and it continues because our opponents cannot forget the almost 75 million people, the highest number ever for a sitting president, who voted for us just a few short months ago.

I also want to convey my gratitude to the millions of decent, hardworking, law-abiding, God-and-Country loving citizens who have bravely supported these important principles in these very difficult and challenging times.

Our historic, patriotic and beautiful movement to Make America Great Again has only just begun. In the months ahead I have much to share with you, and I look forward to continuing our incredible journey together to achieve American greatness for all of our people. There has never been anything like it!

We have so much work ahead of us, and soon we will emerge with a vision for a bright, radiant, and limitless American future.

Together there is nothing we cannot accomplish.

We remain one People, one family, and one glorious nation under God, and it’s our responsibility to preserve this magnificent inheritance for our children and for generations of Americans to come.

May God bless all of you, and may God forever bless the United States of America."

 

"Covid imaginary and ficticious."

Following from: https://lightonconspiracies.com/im-a-clinical-lab-scientist-covid-19-is-fake-wake-up-america/

I’m a clinical lab scientist, Covid-19 is fake, WAKE UP AMERICA

24 seconds ago 1. Free Content, Conspiracies, Geo-politics, Health, Legal System, Mind Control via Media, Vaccines

I’m a clinical lab scientist

I have a PhD in virology and immunology. I’m a clinical lab scientist and have
tested 1500 “supposed” positive Covid 19 samples collected here in S.
California. When my lab team and I did the testing through Koch’s postulates
and observation under a SEM (scanning electron microscope), we found NO Covid
in any of the 1500 samples.

What we found was that all of the 1500 samples were mostly Influenza A and some
were influenza B, but not a single case of Covid, and we did not use the B.S.
PCR test. We then sent the remainder of the samples to Stanford, Cornell, and a
few of the University of California labs and they found the same results as we
did, NO COVID. They found influenza A and B. All of us then spoke to the CDC
and asked for viable samples of COVID, which CDC said they could not provide as
they did not have any samples. We have now come to the firm conclusion through
all our research and lab work, that the COVID 19 was imaginary and fictitious.

The flu was called Covid and most of the 225,000 dead were dead through
co-morbidities such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, emphysema etc. and they
then got the flu which further weakened their immune system and they died. I
have yet to find a single viable sample of Covid 19 to work with. We at the 7
universities that did the lab tests on these 1500 samples are now suing the CDC
for Covid 19 fraud. the CDC has yet to send us a single viable, isolated and
purifed sample of Covid 19. If they can’t or won’t send us a viable sample, I
say there is no Covid 19, it is fictitious. The four research papers that do
describe the genomic extracts of the Covid 19 virus never were successful in
isolating and purifying the samples. All the four papers written on Covid 19
only describe small bits of RNA which were only 37 to 40 base pairs long which
is NOT A VIRUS. A viral genome is typically 30,000 to 40,000 base pairs.

With as bad as Covid is supposed to be all over the place, how come no one in
any lab world wide has ever isolated and purified this virus in its entirety?
That’s because they’ve never really found the virus, all they’ve ever found was
small pieces of RNA which were never identified as the virus anyway.

So what we’re dealing with is just another flu strain like every year, COVID 19
does not exist and is fictitious. I believe China and the globalists
orchestrated this COVID hoax (the flu disguised as a novel virus) to bring in
global tyranny and a worldwide police totalitarian surveillance state, and this
plot included massive election fraud to overthrow Trump.

Eleven residents die in three weeks after care home Covid outbreak

The outbreak occurred at Trecarrel Care Home, part of the Cornwallis Care Services group, after the GP administered Covid-19 vaccination programme

From: https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/eleven-residents-die-three-weeks-5005443?utm_source=cornwall_live_newsletter&utm_campaign=daily_newsletter2&utm_medium=email

Eleven residents at a care home have died in the past three weeks after testing positive for Covid-19.

The deaths account for a quarter of the total residents at Trecarrel Care Home, part of the Cornwallis Care Services group, and each of them was said to have been "already ill with underlying health conditions".

Cornwall Live revealed last week that the home in Tywardreath, near St Austell, had an outbreak along with two other Cornwallis Care Services (CCSL) residential homes, in St Ives and in Lostwithiel.

Now the home has confirmed that eleven of its 44 residents have passed away as a result since the outbreak was first detected on January 24. There have been no further positive cases registered since February 5.

Nicola Hemsley, the operations director for Cornwallis Care Services, said in a statement: "Following a rigorous regular testing programme of both staff and residents at Trecarrel, Covid-19 infections were initially identified on 24th January, subsequent to the residents, GP administered, Covid-19 vaccination programme."

She continued: "Following this, CCSL sadly confirm that there have now been 11 Covid-19 related deaths at Trecarrel in a community of 44 residents.

You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with CornwallLive’s FREE newsletters – enter your email address at the top of the page.

"Some of these Covid-19 related deaths have been amongst residents who were already very ill with underlying health conditions. Our thoughts and concerns are with the families and residents affected and we are always available for any help and support that is requested of us.

John Ødemark

1teSpuehonsoreda  · 

Cheers Joanne

Vaers currently has 1,058 deaths reported. If you read through these reports, you will find that most of the patients died within hours or days.

Some of the comments really make me lose faith in humanity "it's probably unrelated" or "they were on hospice and dying anyway" as if death by va$$ doesn't matter because they were a burden on the system.

Our most vulnerable are being killed by this shot and yet, these same people have been screaming for the past year that we need to mask up for the vulnerable, keep them locked up and away from their families, watched them deteriorate due to hopelessness & yet, we're supposed to believe they care?

And with Family out of the way, these people are 100% vulnerable to the "care" givers?

It's sick and disturbing.

how many coincidences does it take before the FDA gains a moral compass? Just kidding. They couldn't care less, sadly.

Thanks to Dom Lowe for following table:

I have posted many articles and comments on this subject since the 'epidemic' was first predicted/confirmed and taken a lot of flack for them. My main purpose was to persuade people along the lines you have suggested here - that the panic was misplaced and the government response largely pointless and disproportionate. This is not to say that the issue should not be treated with the respect it deserves but at the same time it appears people wanted to be unduly scared and lost all common sense, ably encouraged by government and media using very very dodgy predictions and manipulations of the facts. Ferguson at Imperial College was an egregious example. Then the use of the PCR Test which is generally acknowledged to be totally unreliable to appear to indicate increased infection rates in the general population. The 'Nightingale Hospitals' of course were never needed but irresponsibly fuelled the general hysteria as did totally false newspaper stories of young people dying, when in fact CoV was not the cause. The actual numbers dying from Covid are themselves very much subject to debate around the issue of 'dying of or dying with', and it is notable the vast majority of cases seem to have been contracted in an institutional, not a public, setting, though the latter possibility has always been pushed leading to all the ridiculous 'space and face' precautions imposed. It is worth noting the astounding fact that despite all the alleged cases and deaths, the NHS has failed to find one instance where the causative RNA has been captured, isolated or reproduced. Over a hundred years ago the famous Robert Koch gave his name to his five tests or postulates by which an infectious disease can be confirmed. CoV hasn't passed one of them! Over the period of this phenomenon, overall death rates have largely remained at or close to normal. Suspiciously normal flu deaths have vanished leading one to suspect that much of the deaths attributable to Corona is in fact just a reclassification. From your table it can be seen that even in the worst case (80+ with serious underlying conditions) the death rate varies little from normal seasonal flu. For most of the others it is actually lower! People like Dr Vernon Coleman have been denigrated, abused and blocked for saying such things. The personal vitriol it has elicited has been breath taking. Rather than reducing the incidence of disease, I think in many cases it has made matters worse. It is no accident that death rates seem to peak AFTER lockdowns are introduced. I think this can be put down to a number of factors, particularly in the Care Home sector but the effect on other diseases, conditions and medical treatment cannot be overlooked. All of this without reference to the wider economic, social and psychological consequences of a disrupted society. The government's obsession with an unproven vaccine and the proposed restrictions if you don't have one, cannot be justified by the risk, especially as it relates to children. Even in the high risk groups, the advantages must be weighed against the risks, and it is noteworthy that the latest up-tick in deaths relate particularly to those that have been given the jab. Yet despite all of this, the government has set its course and is reluctant to back down in any degree, still pumping out the irrational fear with 'new more virulent strains' and other such. There is clearly an agenda here that goes beyond a bug but that is for another time and place. Hopefully the more people know the less they will be guided by quite irrational fear. veaterecosan

GATES FOUNDATION ACCURATELY FORECAST CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO WUHAN! 

HOW CLEVER WAS THAT?

https://www.google.com/search?q=GATES+FOUNDATION+images&rlz=1C1ARAB_enGB463GB464&sxsrf=ALeKk01_sXGOrdVsK6i02xyEa00iosXvLg:1612531872834&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=Jluc2FwYZtiBQM%252C4YhDl9zTqcjWBM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kQ0mtZVofzIix0B7vDwdJMROzbWfA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKiOCr7dLuAhXFRxUIHf6ADRQQ9QF6BAgIEAE&biw=1280&bih=881#imgrc=Jluc2FwYZtiBQM

The following from: https://www.expertinalllegalmatters.com/coronavirus-and-5g-are-linked?

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, others, predicted 65 million deaths from Coronavirus in October 2019 simulation PRIOR to the Wuhan outbreak. 

Foundation also funded group who owns virus patent and is funding research for a vaccine to stop it from spreading.

PATENT No.:   US  7,220,852 B1

Date of Patent: May 22, 2007

Inventors:  22 named individuals.

Assignee: U.S.A and C.D.C

ABSTRACT:

Disclosed herein is a newly isolated human Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) , the causative agent of  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Also provided are the nucleic acid sequence of the SARS-CoV genome and the amino acid sequences of the SARS-CoV open reading frames, as well as methods of using these molecules to detect a SARS-CoV and detect infections therewith. Immune stimulatory compositions are also provided, along with methods of their use.

Timeline
Application US10/822,904 events
2003-04-25  – Priority to US46592703P
2004-04-12 –  Application filed by Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (Department of Health and Human Services)

2004-04-12 – Priority to US10/822,904
2007-05-22 – Application granted
2007-05-22 – Publication of US7220852B1
2007-06-28 – Assigned to THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

2020-01-22 – Application status is Expired – Fee Related
2024-04-12 – Anticipated expiration

Info :  Patent citations (3) Non-patent citations (16) Cited by (8) Legal events Similar documents Priority and Related Applications External links :  USPTO, USPTO Assignment Espacenet Global Dossier Discuss

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[Coronavirus isolated from humans, patent timeline]

 
January 23, 2020

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation co-hosted a pandemic exercise in late 2019 that simulated a global coronavirus outbreak.

They also just happen to fund the group who owns the patent to the deadly virus and are working on a vaccine to solve the crisis.

On June 19, 2015, the UK government-funded Pirbright Institute filed an application for a patent for the live coronavirus, which was approved on Nov 20, 2018.

Suspiciously, a Pirbright Institute “primary funder” is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Specifically, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donated $189,232 to the Pirbright Institute in a 2013 grant looking “to improve our understanding of, and effective use of, current control tools and measures (including vaccines) against peste des petits ruminants and foot and mouth disease, two serious diseases affecting livestock that are widespread in developing countries.”

Then, in November of 2019, the Pirbright Institute’s website published an article focusing on the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s funding of “a Livestock Antibody Hub” to the sum of $5.5 million.

“The ambitious programme of work will see extensive collaboration between multiple UK research organisations in order to utilise research outcomes in livestock disease and immunology to support human health as part of the ‘One Health’ agenda,” the Pirbright Institute wrote last November.

Professor John Hammond, the lead researcher on the program, said, “New technology has given us the opportunity to utilise these detailed antibody responses to make the next generation of vaccines and therapies, which will improve animal health and ultimately human health, as well as ensuring the security of our food supply.”

Pirbright Institute Hires Coronavirus Expert To Work With Livestock Antibody Hub

Additionally, at the same time the Pirbright Institute announced the Livestock Antibody Hub program, they posted a job opening for a 4-year Postdoctoral Scientist position on LinkedIn.com.

The advertisement for the job opening explains, “The post-holder will report to the Heads of the Coronavirus Group and the Viral Oncogenesis Group work and will work closely with a multidisciplinary team to advance the aims of the overall Pirbright Livestock Antibody Hub.”

Keep in mind, this all took place prior to the current Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.

Bill And Melinda Gates Behind Global Pandemic Exercise Focusing On Coronavirus

Meanwhile, on Oct. 18, 2019, also before the outbreak, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the World Economic Forum co-hosted an event in NYC where “policymakers, business leaders, and health officials” worked together on a simulated coronavirus outbreak.

Titled the “Event 201” pandemic, the high-level pandemic exercise “dropped participants right in the midst of an uncontrolled coronavirus outbreak that was spreading like wildfire out of South America to wreak worldwide havoc.”

“In the simulation, CAPS (the coronavirus) resulted in a death toll of 65 million people within 18 months,” according to John Hopkins University.

A video highlight reel from the event shows fictional newscasters from “GNN” discuss how the hypothetical immune-resistant virus (nicknamed CAPS) was crippling trade and travel, sending the global economy into freefall.

It just so happens that a professor from Imperial College London recently warned the coronavirus has the same kill rate as the Spanish flu, which claimed the lives of 20-50 million people in 1918.

Coronavirus is a Patented Virus

Below is a quick list of patents which deal with this ‘new’ coronavirus. There is a pretty recent patent as of July 4th, 2019 with this coronavirus. We know how most of these viruses are lab created and this provides some more reach or information to research.

• CORONAVIRUS PROTEINS AND ANTIGENS Publication number: 20160339097 Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for collecting, extracting or eluting proteins and antigens from cells infected with coronavirus. The coronavirus may be a porcine coronavirus, such as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) or porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Also disclosed are embodiments of a composition comprising the coronavirus proteins and antigens, and embodiments of a method of using such a composition. Applications for the composition include, but are not limited to, use in the preparation of antibodies against the proteins and antigens, use as reference markers for coronavirus proteins, and/or use in an immunogenic composition, such as in a vaccine composition. Type: Application Filed: August 4, 2016 Publication date: November 24, 2016 Applicant: MJ Biologics, Inc. Inventor: Byoung-Kwan Kim

• CORONAVIRUS PROTEINS AND ANTIGENS Publication number: 20190202868 Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for collecting, extracting or eluting proteins and antigens from cells infected with coronavirus. The coronavirus may be a porcine coronavirus, such as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) or porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Also disclosed are embodiments of a composition comprising the coronavirus proteins and antigens, and embodiments of a method of using such a composition. Applications for the composition include, but are not limited to, use in the preparation of antibodies against the proteins and antigens, use as reference markers for coronavirus proteins, and/or use in an immunogenic composition, such as in a vaccine composition. Type: Application Filed: March 15, 2019 Publication date: July 4, 2019 Applicant: Phibro Animal Health Corporation Inventor: Byoung-Kwan Kim

• Coronavirus proteins and antigens Patent number: 10280199 Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for collecting, extracting or eluting proteins and antigens from cells infected with coronavirus. The coronavirus may be a porcine coronavirus, such as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) or porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Also disclosed are embodiments of a composition comprising the coronavirus proteins and antigens, and embodiments of a method of using such a composition. Applications for the composition include, but are not limited to, use in the preparation of antibodies against the proteins and antigens, use as reference markers for coronavirus proteins, and/or use in an immunogenic composition, such as in a vaccine composition. Type: Grant Filed: August 4, 2016 Date of Patent: May 7, 2019 Assignee: Phibro Animal Health Corporation Inventor: Byoung-Kwan Kim

• Vaccine compositions and methods of treating coronavirus infection Publication number: 20060286124 Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for treating or preventing coronavirus infections. For example, compositions are provided that comprise a coronavirus S protein or N protein, fragment, or variant thereof, capable of eliciting a protective humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response, which compositions are useful for treating or preventing infection by coronavirus, such as the causative agent of SARS. Also, coronavirus S protein and N protein immunogen compositions are provided that include an adjuvant, such as Proteosome or Protollin, which may be used for treating or preventing infection caused by a coronavirus, such as a SARS coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: June 30, 2005 Publication date: December 21, 2006 Applicant: ID Biomedical Corporation of Quebec Inventors: David Burt, Mark Reddish, Mary Hu, George Lowell, David Jones

• Uncharacterised ORF3 in SARS-coronavirus is a cyclic-AMP-dependent kinase and a target for SARS therapy Publication number: 20050276818 Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for identifying antiviral agents which selectively interfere with viral proteins that cause the unique infectivity activity of the SARS-coronavirus in comparison to other non-SARS strains of coronavirus. In particular, the present invention relates to screening assays that identify agents which selectively inhibit cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase activity of the SARS-coronavirus ORF3. The present invention also relates to screening assays that identify agents which selectively inhibit the interaction between SARS-coronavirus cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase and a calcium dependent targeting molecule. Therefore the agents identified using the assays of the invention may have utility as antiviral agents. The present invention also relates to treatments for sever acute respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus, and particularly to treatments that affect the infectivity activity of the SARS-coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: May 17, 2005 Publication date: December 15, 2005 Inventors: Adam Godzik, Sergey Sikora

• Uncharacterised ORF3 in SARS-coronavirus is a cyclic-AMP-dependent kinase and a target for SARS therapy Patent number: 7504205 Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for identifying antiviral agents which selectively interfere with viral proteins that cause the unique infectivity activity of the SARS-coronavirus in comparison to other non-SARS strains of coronavirus. In particular, the present invention relates to screening assays that identify agents which selectively inhibit cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase activity of the SARS-coronavirus ORF3. The present invention also relates to screening assays that identify agents which selectively inhibit the interaction between SARS-coronavirus cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase and a calcium dependent targeting molecule. Therefore the agents identified using the assays of the invention may have utility as antiviral agents. The present invention also relates to treatments for sever acute respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus, and particularly to treatments that affect the infectivity activity of the SARS-coronavirus. Type: Grant Filed: May 17, 2005 Date of Patent: March 17, 2009 Assignee: The Burnham Institute Inventors: Adam Godzik, Sergey Sikora

• Inactivated canine coronavirus vaccine Patent number: 4567042 Abstract: An efficacious parenterally administered inactivated canine coronavirus vaccine which provides systemic, humoral protection and also protection of the intestinal tract in dogs from infection by virulent canine coronavirus is produced. A method for propagation of the canine coronavirus and its attenuation and a method of evaluating the effectiveness of a canine coronavirus vaccine in canines is also disclosed. Type: Grant Filed: June 7, 1984 Date of Patent: January 28, 1986 Assignee: American Home Products Corporation Inventors: William M. Acree, Bobby Edwards, John W. Black

• CANINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS (CRCV) SPIKE PROTEIN, POLYMERASE AND HEMAGGLUTININ/ESTERASE Publication number: 20090081780 Abstract: A canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCV) that is present in the respiratory tract of dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease and which has a low level of homology to the enteric canine coronavirus, but which has a high level of homology to all bovine coronavirus strains (e.g., Quebec and LY138) and human coronavirus strain OC43. Type: Application Filed: September 26, 2008 Publication date: March 26, 2009 Applicant: The Royal Veterinary College Inventors: John Brownlie, Victoria Jane Chalker, Kerstin Erles

• PEPTIDE COMPOUNDS FOR DETECTING OR INHIBITING SARS CORONAVIRUS AND APPLICATION THEREOF Publication number: 20100304363 Abstract: Disclosed herein are peptide compounds and the application thereof to the detection and inhibition of SARS coronavirus. Composed of dipeptides, the compounds for detecting and inhibiting SARS coronavirus can be readily synthesised and produced at low cost. In addition, they can be stored safely for a long period of time. The dipeptide compounds are useful as inhibitors of SARS coronavirus as well as acting as excellent capturing materials of SARS coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: May 26, 2010 Publication date: December 2, 2010 Applicant: ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE Inventors: Soo-Hyung LEE, Hyo-Bong Hong, Tao-Wan Kim, Myung-Ae Chung, Sung-Woo Sohn, Seoung-Min Yoo

• Canine Respiratory Coronavirus (Crcv) Spike Protein, Polymerase and Hemagglutinin/Esterase Publication number: 20070248616 Abstract: A canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCV) that is present in the respiratory tract of dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease and which has a low level of homology to the enteric canine coronavirus, but which has a high level of homology to all bovine coronavirus strains (e.g. Quebec and LY138) and human coronavirus strain OC43. The CRCV spike, polymerase and hemagglutinin/esterase cDNA and protein partial sequences are listed in FIGS. (1) to (4), (13) and (14). Type: Application Filed: July 1, 2003 Publication date: October 25, 2007 Inventors: John Brownlie, Victoria Chalker, Kerstin Erles

• Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCV) spike protein Patent number: 7981427 Abstract: A canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCV) that is present in the respiratory tract of dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease and which has a low level of homology to the enteric canine coronavirus, but which has a high level of homology to all bovine coronavirus strains (e.g., Quebec and LY138) and human coronavirus strain OC43. Type: Grant Filed: September 26, 2008 Date of Patent: July 19, 2011 Assignee: The Royal Veterinary College Inventors: John Brownlie, Victoria Jane Chalker, Kerstin Erles

• Methods and compositions for infectious cDNA of SARS coronavirus Publication number: 20060240530 Abstract: The present invention provides a cDNA of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, recombinant SARS coronavirus vectors, and SARS coronavirus replicon particles. Also provided are methods of making the compositions of this invention and methods of using the compositions as immunogens and/or vaccines and/or to express heterologous nucleic acids. Type: Application Filed: January 19, 2006 Publication date: October 26, 2006 Inventors: Ralph Baric, Rhonda Roberts, Boyd Yount, Kristopher Curtis

• Compositions and methods for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Publication number: 20050095582 Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for detecting the presence of SARS-coronavirus, for screening anti-SARS coronavirus agents and vaccines, and for reducing infection with plus-strand RNA viruses such as SARS-coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: November 3, 2003 Publication date: May 5, 2005 Applicants: Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., Health Research Incorporated Inventors: Laura Gillim-Ross, Jill Taylor, David Scholl, David Wentworth, Joseph Jollick Compositions and Methods for Detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Publication number: 20080076115 Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for detecting the presence of SARS-coronavirus, for screening anti-SARS coronavirus agents and vaccines, and for reducing infection with plus-strand RNA viruses such as SARS-coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: November 3, 2004 Publication date: March 27, 2008 Inventors: David R. Scholl, Joseph D. Jollick, Laura Gillim-Ross, Jill Taylor, David E. Wentworth

• Compositions And Methods For Detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Publication number: 20110223659 Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for detecting the presence of SARS-coronavirus, for screening anti-SARS coronavirus agents and vaccines, and for reducing infection with plus-strand RNA viruses such as SARS-coronavirus. Type: Application Filed: December 7, 2010 Publication date: September 15, 2011 Inventors: David R. Scholl, Joseph D. Jollick, Laura Gillim-Ross, Jill Taylor, David E. Wentworth

• Ribozyme to cleave coronavirus gene Publication number: 20100273997 Abstract: Provided is a ribozyme to cleave a coronavirus gene and a therapeutic agent for a coronavirus infectious disease. A common base sequence in coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MHV was searched to design a ribozyme including a base sequence complementary thereto. Moreover, a therapeutic agent for a coronavirus infectious disease including such ribozyme was obtained. Type: Application Filed: August 9, 2006 Publication date: October 28, 2010 Inventors: Noboru Fukuda, Takahiro Ueno, Akiko Fukushima, Kazumichi Kuroda

• Compositions and methods for treating coronavirus infection and SARS Publication number: 20050002901 Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating a coronavirus infection, and methods of reducing viral load, or reducing the time to viral clearance, or reducing morbidity or mortality in the clinical outcomes, in patients suffering from a coronavirus infection. The present invention further provides methods of reducing the risk that an individual will develop a pathological coronavirus infection, that has clinical sequelae. The present invention further provides methods of reducing the risk that an individual will develop SARS. The present invention further provides methods of treating SARS. The methods generally involve administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Type I or Type III interferon receptor agonist and/or a Type II interferon receptor agonist for the treatment of a coronavirus infection. Type: Application Filed: March 30, 2004 Publication date: January 6, 2005 Inventor: Lawrence Blatt

• FUSION PROTEINS OF RECOMBINANT SARS CORONAVIRUS STRUCTURAL PROTEINS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USES Publication number: 20100150923 Abstract: Fusion proteins of recombinant SARS coronavirus structural proteins, their production and uses are provided. An optimised SARS coronavirus S protein gene which can be highly expressed in the mammalian cell strains and SARS coronavirus S protein variants comprising deletion, modification or mutation amino acids 318-510 corresponding to SARS coronavirus S protein are also provided. Type: Application Filed: June 13, 2006 Publication date: June 17, 2010 Applicant: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Inventors: Chengyu Jiang, Feng Guo, Shuan Rao, Bing Guan, Yi Huan, Peng Yang

• Civet animal model system for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection and uses thereof Publication number: 20060123499 Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the use of the masked palm civet Paguma larvata (“civet”) as an animal model system for SARS, and is based on the novel demonstration of the present invention that civets may be infected with exogenous coronavirus, and that such infection produces SARS-like symptoms in these infected animals. The present invention is directed to a civet model system for the study of the infection, replication, and clinical effects of exogenously introduced human SARS-CoV coronavirus strains, civet SARS-CoV-like coronavirus strains, or variants or derivatives thereof, and to the development of vaccines (or other methods of prevention) or treatment of infection or transmission to other civets or humans of these human SARS-CoV coronavirus strains, civet SARS-CoV-like coronavirus strains, or variants or derivatives thereof. Type: Application Filed: December 6, 2004 Publication date: June 8, 2006 Inventors: Donglai Wu, Xiangang Kong, Qingwen Meng, Yonggang Liu, Yuntao Guan, Xunnan Yin, Mouping Wang, Changwen Li, Ming Liao, Chao-an Xin, Jinding Chen, Changchun Tu, Hua Xuan, Yedong Yu

• METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS Publication number: 20160238601 Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for detecting a coronavirus in a sample and identifying the subgroup of the coronavirus in the sample. Type: Application Filed: October 14, 2014 Publication date: August 18, 2016 Inventors: Ralph Baric, Sudhakar Agnihothram, Boyd Yount

Chronology
1890
Bovine coronavirus and canine respiratory coronavirus diverged from a common ancestor in 1951. Bovine coronavirus and human coronavirus OC43 diverged in 1899. Bovine coronavirus diverged from the equine coronavirus species at the end of the 18th century. Another estimate suggests that human coronavirus OC43 diverged from bovine coronavirus in 1890.

1986
The most closely related bat coronovirus and the SARS coronavirus diverged in 1986. A path of evolution of the SARS virus and keen relationship with bats have been proposed. The authors suggest that the coronaviruses have been coevolved with bats for a long time and the ancestors of SARS virus first infected the species of the genus Hipposideridae, subsequently spread to species of the Rhinolophidae and then to civets, and finally to humans.

2003
Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Currently there are seven known strains of Coronaviruses that infect humans. Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common colds in human adults and children. Coronaviruses cause colds with major symptoms, e.g. fever, throat swollen adenoids, in humans primarily in the winter and early spring seasons. Coronaviruses can cause pneumonia, either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia, and bronchitis, either direct viral bronchitis or a secondary bacterial bronchitis. The much publicised human coronavirus discovered in 2003, SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses as causative agents of the common cold are hard to assess because, unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are difficult to grow in the laboratory.

2003
Coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s; the earliest ones discovered were infectious bronchitis virus in chickens and two viruses from the nasal cavities of human patients with the common cold that were subsequently named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43. Other members of this family have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and 2019-nCoV in 2019; most of these have been involved in serious respiratory tract infections.

2003
In 2003, following the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which had begun the prior year in Asia, and secondary cases elsewhere in the world, the World Health Organisation (WHO) issued a press release stating that a novel coronavirus identified by a number of laboratories was the causative agent for SARS. The virus was officially named the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Over 8,000 people were infected, about 10% of whom died.

September 2012
In September 2012, a new type of coronavirus was identified, initially called Novel Coronavirus 2012, and now officially named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The World Health Organisation issued a global alert soon after. The WHO update on 28 September 2012 stated that the virus did not seem to pass easily from person to person. However, on 12 May 2013, a case of human-to-human transmission in France was confirmed by the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. In addition, cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported by the Ministry of Health in Tunisia. Two confirmed cases involved people who seemed to have caught the disease from their late father, who became ill after a visit to Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Despite this, it appears that the virus has trouble spreading from human to human, as most individuals who are infected do not transmit the virus. By 30 October 2013, there were 124 cases and 52 deaths in Saudi Arabia. After the Dutch Erasmus Medical Centre sequenced the virus, the virus was given a new name, Human Coronavirus–Erasmus Medical Centre (HCoV-EMC). The final name for the virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In May 2014, the only two United States cases of MERS-CoV infection were recorded, both occurring in healthcare workers who worked in Saudi Arabia and then traveled to the U.S. One was treated in Indiana and one in Florida. Both of these individuals were hospitalised temporarily and then discharged. In May 2015, an outbreak of MERS-CoV occurred in the Republic of Korea, when a man who had traveled to the Middle East, visited 4 different hospitals in the Seoul area to treat his illness. This caused one of the largest outbreaks of MERS-CoV outside of the Middle East. As of December 2019, 2,468 cases of MERS-CoV infection had been confirmed by laboratory tests, 851 of which were fatal, a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%.

December 2019
On 31 December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, officially designated as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organisation, was reported in Wuhan, China. By 24 January 2020, 25 deaths have been reported and 547 confirmed cases. The Wuhan strain has been identified as a new strain of Betacoronavirus from group 2B with an ~70% genetic similarity to the SARS-CoV. The virus was suspected to have originated in snakes, but many leading researchers disagree with this conclusion.

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